Stress adaptation in each sex requires the conserved mitochondrial Lon protease and is associated with sex-specific expression of Lon protein isoforms and proteolytic activity. This study reports that Drosophila females but not males adapt to hydrogen peroxide stress, whereas males but not females adapt to paraquat (superoxide) stress. Multiple human diseases involving chronic oxidative stress show a significant sex bias, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, immune dysfunction, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The mitochondrial Lon protease is required for age-specific and sex-specific adaptation to oxidative stress. C., Carney, C., Shen, B., Wong, S., Halaszynski, K., Salomon, M. melanogaster is driven by multiple neural and non-neural circuits, within and outside the brain. Taken together, these experiments suggest that sleep sexual dimorphism in D. In addition, the daily expression levels of takeout, an important circadian clock output gene, are sexually dimorphic. A similar reversal of sex-specific sleep is also observed by mis-expressing tra in the fat body, which is a key tissue in energy metabolism and hormone secretion.
Transformer en vivo drivers#
Feminization of male flies using three different GAL4 drivers that are expressed in the mushroom bodies induces a female-like reduced siesta, whereas the masculinization of females using these drivers triggers the male-like increased siesta. In the present study, targeted mis-expression of the genes transformer (tra) and tra2 is used to either feminize or masculinize specific neural and non-neural tissues in the fly. Included among the similarities is the presence of sexual dimorphic sleep patterns, which, in flies, are manifested as increased mid-day sleep ('siesta') in males compared with females. Many of the characteristics associated with mammalian sleep are also observed in Drosophila, making the fruit fly a powerful model organism for studying the genetics of this important process. Neural and non-neural contributions to sexual dimorphism of mid-day sleep in Drosophila melanogaster: a pilot study. Together, these findings indicate that the plasticity of an adult somatic organ is reversibly controlled by its sexual identity, imparted by a new mechanism that may be active in more tissues than previously recognized. Unlike previous examples of sexually dimorphic somatic stem cell activity, the sex differences in intestinal stem cell behaviour arise from intrinsic mechanisms that control cell cycle duration and involve a new doublesex- and fruitless-independent branch of the sex differentiation pathway downstream of transformer. Cell-specific reversals of the sexual identity of adult intestinal stem cells uncovers the key role this identity has in controlling organ size, reproductive plasticity and response to genetically induced tumours. It was found that the adult intestinal epithelium is a cellular mosaic of different sex differentiation pathways, and displays extensive sex differences in expression of genes with roles in growth and metabolism. This study uses the Drosophila melanogaster intestine to investigate the nature and importance of cellular sex in an adult somatic organ in vivo. Sex differences in physiology and disease susceptibility are commonly attributed to developmental and/or hormonal factors, but there is increasing realization that cell-intrinsic mechanisms play important and persistent roles. The sexual identity of adult intestinal stem cells controls organ size and plasticity. Keywords - female somatic sex determination, pre-mRNA splicing factorĬlassification - Arg/Ser-rich (RS domain)
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